人工智能（英语：artificial intelligence，缩写为AI），亦称机器智能，指由人制造出来的机器所表现出来的智能。通常人工智能是指用普通计算机程序来呈现人类智能的技术。同时，随着医学、神经科学、机器人学及统计学等方面的发展，普遍认为人类的部分职业也逐渐被其取代。
Artificial intelligence (AI), also known as machine intelligence, refers to the intelligence displayed by machines created by humans. Generally speaking, artificial intelligence refers to the technology of presenting human intelligence with ordinary computer programs. At the same time, with the development of medicine, neuroscience, robotics and statistics, it is generally believed that some human occupations are gradually being replaced by it.
人工智能于一般教材中的定义领域是“智能主体（intelligent agent）的研究与设计”，智能主体指一个可以观察周遭环境并作出行动以达致目标的系统。约翰·麦卡锡于1955年的定义是“制造智能机器的科学与工程”。安德烈亚斯·卡普兰和迈克尔·海恩莱因（Michael Haenlein）将人工智能定义为“系统正确解释外部数据，从这些数据中学习，并利用这些知识通过灵活适应实现特定目标和任务的能力”。
人工智能可以定义为模仿人类与人类思维相关的认知功能的机器或计算机，如学习和解决问题。人工智能是计算机科学的一个分支，它感知其环境并采取行动，最大限度地提高其成功机会。此外，人工智能能够从过去的经验中学习，做出合理的决策，并快速回应。因此，人工智能研究人员的科学目标是通过构建具有象征意义的推理或推理的计算机程序来理解智能。
人工智能的四个主要组成部分是：
专家系统：作为专家处理正在审查的情况，并产生预期或预期的绩效。
启发式算法：包括评估小范围的解决方案，并可能涉及一些猜测，以找到接近最佳的解决方案。
自然语言处理：在自然语言中实现人机之间的交流。
计算机视觉：自动生成识别形状和功能的能力。
人工智能的研究是高度技术性和专业的，各分支领域都是深入且各不相通的，因而涉及范围极广。人工智能的研究可以分为几个技术问题。其分支领域主要集中在解决具体问题，其中之一是，如何使用各种不同的工具完成特定的应用程序。
AI的核心问题包括建构能够跟人类似甚至超卓的推理、知识、计划、学习、交流、感知、移动 、移物、使用工具和操控机械的能力等。通用人工智能（AGI）目前仍然是该领域的长远目标。目前弱人工智能已经有初步成果，甚至在一些影像识别、语言分析、棋类游戏等等单方面的能力达到了超越人类的水平，而且人工智能的通用性代表着，能解决上述的问题的是一样的AI程序，无须重新开发算法就可以直接使用现有的AI完成任务，与人类的处理能力相同，但达到具备思考能力的统合强人工智能还需要时间研究，比较流行的方法包括统计方法，计算智能和传统意义的AI。目前有大量的工具应用了人工智能，其中包括搜索和数学优化、逻辑推演。而基于仿生学、认知心理学，以及基于概率论和经济学的算法等等也在逐步探索当中。
The field of artificial intelligence defined in general textbooks is “the study and design of intelligent agents”, which refers to a system that can observe the surrounding environment and take actions to achieve goals. John McCarthy’s definition in 1955 was “the science and engineering of making intelligent machines”. Andreas Kaplan and Michael Haenlein define artificial intelligence as “the ability of a system to correctly interpret external data, learn from these data, and use this knowledge to achieve specific goals and tasks through flexible adaptation”.
Artificial intelligence can be defined as a machine or computer that imitates human cognitive functions associated with human thinking, such as learning and problem solving. Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that perceives its environment and takes actions to maximize its chances of success. In addition, artificial intelligence is able to learn from past experience, make reasonable decisions, and respond quickly. Therefore, the scientific goal of artificial intelligence researchers is to understand intelligence by building computer programs that reason or reason with symbolic meaning.
The four main components of AI are:
Expert systems: handle the situation under review as an expert and produce the expected or expected performance.
Heuristic algorithms: involve evaluating a small range of solutions and may involve some guesswork to find a solution close to the best.
Natural language processing: enables communication between humans and machines in natural language.
Computer vision: automatically generates the ability to recognize shapes and functions.
The study of AI is highly technical and professional, and each branch field is in-depth and unconnected, so it covers a wide range. The study of AI can be divided into several technical issues. Its branches are mainly focused on solving specific problems, one of which is how to use a variety of different tools to complete specific applications.
The core issues of AI include constructing the ability to reason, knowledge, plan, learn, communicate, perceive, move, move objects, use tools, and manipulate machinery similar to or even superior to humans. General artificial intelligence (AGI) is still the long-term goal of the field. At present, weak artificial intelligence has achieved preliminary results, and even surpassed human capabilities in some aspects such as image recognition, language analysis, and chess games. Moreover, the universality of artificial intelligence means that the same AI program can solve the above problems. There is no need to redevelop algorithms and the existing AI can be used to complete tasks directly, which is the same as human processing capabilities. However, it will take time to achieve integrated strong artificial intelligence with thinking ability. The more popular methods include statistical methods, computational intelligence, and traditional AI. Currently, there are a large number of tools that apply artificial intelligence, including search and mathematical optimization, logical deduction, etc. Algorithms based on bionics, cognitive psychology, probability theory, and economics are also being explored step by step.