不婚不育（拼音：bù hūn bú yù），是指现在中国年轻一代迫于生存压力，选择不结婚也不生小孩的社会现象。
Not getting married and not having children (pinyin: bù hūn bú yù) refers to the social phenomenon that the younger generation in China now chooses not to get married or have children due to the pressure of survival.
“不婚不育保平安”成为了现在年轻人奉行的生活口号。
数据显示，目前中国单身人口高达2.4亿，9200万成年人处于独居状态。与此同时，结婚率与人口增长率持续走低。《中国婚姻家庭报告2022版》披露，2021年结婚登记人数下降到763.6万对，预示了极低生育率。
然而，人们对这种“没有儿孙一身轻”的晚年生活的美好想象，更普遍的质疑是“不结婚不生孩子，老了以后怎么办”，孤苦伶仃、无依无靠，的晚年生活是如此悲惨。
为什么越来越多的年轻人选择不婚不育？
其一、婚育成本让人望而却步
教育、就业、房子是当代年轻人面临的三大压力。而生育教育的费用更是高昂，其中的压力更是无可言说。
其二、传统观念被逐渐推翻
在传统观念中，结婚生子是人生大事。随着社会的发展，城市化加快，新思潮涌入，婚姻不再是人生的必备品，生育也不再是女子的首要任务，婚姻和孩子更是被当成了一种枷锁。现代女性更多的追求经济独立、人格自由以及自我实现。
其三、个人的生育焦虑
所谓生育焦虑指的是未婚或者已婚女性对于生育过程中，出现的问题及未来可能的行为引发的焦虑。具体表现为女性生产前后身体及心理方面的担忧及困扰。比如：生娃怕疼怎么办？生娃后乳房下垂、身材变形怎么办？生了孩子没奶怎么办？生完孩子谁来带娃？还能不能上班等等。
“年轻一代更加关注自己内心的声音，不顺从于无关的社会压力，这在一定程度上讲也是一种进步。”中国科学院心理研究所博士后肖震宇表示。
尊重任何对婚姻的选择，儿孙满堂的晚年不一定热闹，不婚不育的晚年也不一定悲惨，人的一生终究是一个人来一个人走，不论是你的父母、孩子、朋友，他们都有各自的人生道路，过好自己的人生才是最重要的。
“No marriage and no children to keep safe” has become the life slogan pursued by young people nowadays.
Data shows that there are currently 240 million single people in China, and 92 million adults are living alone. At the same time, the marriage rate and population growth rate continue to decline. The “China Marriage and Family Report 2022 Edition” revealed that the number of marriage registrations in 2021 dropped to 7.636 million pairs, indicating an extremely low fertility rate.
However, people’s beautiful imagination of this kind of “no children and grandchildren” in their later years is more generally questioned by “what to do when you are old if you don’t get married and don’t have children”, and the lonely and helpless later years are so miserable.
Why do more and more young people choose not to get married and have children?
First, the cost of marriage and childbirth is prohibitive
Education, employment, and housing are the three major pressures facing contemporary young people. The cost of fertility education is even higher, and the pressure is unspeakable.
Second, traditional concepts are gradually overturned
In traditional concepts, marriage and childbirth are major events in life. With the development of society, the acceleration of urbanization, and the influx of new ideas, marriage is no longer a necessity in life, and childbirth is no longer a woman’s primary task. Marriage and children are even regarded as a shackle. Modern women are more pursuing economic independence, personal freedom and self-realization.
Third, personal fertility anxiety
The so-called fertility anxiety refers to the anxiety caused by unmarried or married women about the problems that arise during the fertility process and possible future behaviors. It is specifically manifested in the physical and psychological worries and troubles of women before and after childbirth. For example: What should I do if I am afraid of pain when giving birth? What should I do if my breasts sag and my body is deformed after giving birth? What should I do if I have no milk after giving birth? Who will take care of the baby after giving birth? Can I still go to work, etc.
“The younger generation pays more attention to their inner voices and does not obey irrelevant social pressures. This is also a kind of progress to a certain extent.” Xiao Zhenyu, a postdoctoral fellow at the Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said.
Respect any choice of marriage. An old age with many children and grandchildren is not necessarily lively, and an old age without marriage and children is not necessarily miserable. After all, a person comes and goes alone in life. Whether it is your parents, children, or friends, they all have their own life paths. The most important thing is to live your own life well.